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	<title>Touch &#187; visibility</title>
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	<description>Interaction with RFID and NFC</description>
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		<title>The EU on the visibility of RFID</title>
		<link>http://www.nearfield.org/2008/03/the-eu-on-the-visibility-of-rfid</link>
		<comments>http://www.nearfield.org/2008/03/the-eu-on-the-visibility-of-rfid#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 11 Mar 2008 10:13:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Timo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Visual design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[consultation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[data protection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EU]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[graphic design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iconography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[icons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nfc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[privacy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rfid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[visibility]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nearfield.org/2008/03/the-eu-on-the-visibility-of-rfid</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The EU is conducting a new online consultancy on privacy, data protection and information security principles in RFID applications. I am happy to see that in Article 5 they begin to address the invisible nature of RFID readers in public space: &#8220;RFID applications can technically operate without any visible or otherwise perceivable action [...]&#8221; They [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The EU is conducting a new <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/yourvoice/ipm/forms/dispatch?form=RFIDRec">online consultancy</a> on privacy, data protection and information security principles in <acronym title="Radio Frequency IDentification (A method of identifying unique items using radio waves. This is typically achieved with communication between a scanner or reader and a tag that contains data on a microchip)">RFID</acronym> applications.</p>
	<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/629216171/" title="Untitled by Ti.mo, on Flickr"><img src="http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1164/629216171_d7918ba7fd.jpg" width="500" height="334" alt="" /></a></p>
	<p>I am happy to see that in Article 5 they begin to address the invisible nature of <acronym title="Radio Frequency IDentification (A method of identifying unique items using radio waves. This is typically achieved with communication between a scanner or reader and a tag that contains data on a microchip)">RFID</acronym> readers in public space: </p>
	<blockquote>
		<p>&#8220;<acronym title="Radio Frequency IDentification (A method of identifying unique items using radio waves. This is typically achieved with communication between a scanner or reader and a tag that contains data on a microchip)">RFID</acronym> applications can technically operate without any visible or otherwise perceivable action [...]&#8221;</p>
	</blockquote>
	<p>They go further to recommend that there be mandated signage for <acronym title="Radio Frequency IDentification (A method of identifying unique items using radio waves. This is typically achieved with communication between a scanner or reader and a tag that contains data on a microchip)">RFID</acronym> applications:</p>
	<blockquote>
		<p>&#8220;Where <acronym title="Radio Frequency IDentification (A method of identifying unique items using radio waves. This is typically achieved with communication between a scanner or reader and a tag that contains data on a microchip)">RFID</acronym> applications are implemented in public places, <acronym title="Radio Frequency IDentification (A method of identifying unique items using radio waves. This is typically achieved with communication between a scanner or reader and a tag that contains data on a microchip)">RFID</acronym> application operators should inform individuals on the use of <acronym title="Radio Frequency IDentification (A method of identifying unique items using radio waves. This is typically achieved with communication between a scanner or reader and a tag that contains data on a microchip)">RFID</acronym> by providing at least a clear sign, accessible by all, that signifies the presence of <acronym title="Radio Frequency IDentification (A method of identifying unique items using radio waves. This is typically achieved with communication between a scanner or reader and a tag that contains data on a microchip)">RFID</acronym> readers. Information should include, where appropriate, that <acronym title="Radio Frequency IDentification (A method of identifying unique items using radio waves. This is typically achieved with communication between a scanner or reader and a tag that contains data on a microchip)">RFID</acronym> tags and readers may broadcast information without an individual engaging in any active action, a reference to the policy governing the use of the <acronym title="Radio Frequency IDentification (A method of identifying unique items using radio waves. This is typically achieved with communication between a scanner or reader and a tag that contains data on a microchip)">RFID</acronym> application and a point of contact for individuals to obtain additional information.&#8221;</p>
	</blockquote>
	<p>While this sounds like a lot of information to get across in a sign, there may be ways of creating recognisable levels of security, various levels of private data use, and visible indications of the ways in which that data is stored or used (something along the lines of better food labelling examples). The success of this depends on creating a useful, <em>user-oriented</em> taxonomy of risks.</p>
	<p>See also my work on the <a href="http://www.elasticspace.com/2005/11/graphic-language-for-touch">graphic language for <acronym title="Radio Frequency IDentification (A method of identifying unique items using radio waves. This is typically achieved with communication between a scanner or reader and a tag that contains data on a microchip)">RFID</acronym></a> (<a href="http://www.hcilab.org/events/mirw2006/pdf/mirw2006_arnall.pdf">paper</a>, <a href="http://www.nearfield.org/2007/05/a-graphic-language-for-rfid">design brief</a>).</p><h4>Related things:</h4><p><ol>
<li><a href='http://www.nearfield.org/2009/11/iphone-rfid-and-nfc-peripherals' rel='bookmark' title='iPhone RFID and NFC peripherals'>iPhone RFID and NFC peripherals</a> <small>We are beginning to see RFID and NFC peripherals beginning...... </small></li>
<li><a href='http://www.nearfield.org/2006/06/rob-van-kranenburg-at-how-i-learned-to-love-rfid' rel='bookmark' title='Rob van Kranenburg at &#8216;How I learned to love RFID&#8217;'>Rob van Kranenburg at &#8216;How I learned to love RFID&#8217;</a> <small>On the 20th May, Rob van Kranenburg talked at How...... </small></li>
<li><a href='http://www.nearfield.org/2006/09/everyware-icons-visualising-ubicomp-situations' rel='bookmark' title='Everyware icons (visualising ubicomp situations)'>Everyware icons (visualising ubicomp situations)</a> <small>In December 2005 Adam Greenfield asked me to work with...... </small></li>
</ol></p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>The dashed line in use</title>
		<link>http://www.nearfield.org/2006/09/the-dashed-line-in-use</link>
		<comments>http://www.nearfield.org/2006/09/the-dashed-line-in-use#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 Sep 2006 16:16:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Timo</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Interaction design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Research]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Visual design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[graphic design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[graphic language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[graphics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hidden lines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[information design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[infoviz]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[instructional design]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[invisibility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[touch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[visibility]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Visualisation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[visualization]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.nearfield.org/2006/09/the-dashed-line-in-use</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In previous work I have advocated for the use of dashed lines, my paper for Mobile HCI 2006 [pdf] represents Touch-based interactions with dashed lines, and work on ubicomp iconography uses the dashed line to represent borders, or seams. I&#8217;ve had trouble justifying my excitement about this intricate visual detail, so I thought it would [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In previous work I have advocated for the use of <a href="http://www.elasticspace.com/2005/11/graphic-language-for-touch">dashed lines</a>, <a href="http://www.hcilab.org/events/mirw2006/pdf/mirw2006_proceedings.pdf">my paper for Mobile HCI 2006 [pdf]</a> represents Touch-based interactions with dashed lines, and work on <a href="http://www.nearfield.org/2006/09/everyware-icons-visualising-ubicomp-situations">ubicomp iconography</a> uses the dashed line to represent borders, or <a href="http://www.mrl.nottingham.ac.uk/var/uploads/ChalmersTech2003.pdf">seams</a>. </p>
	<p>I&#8217;ve had trouble justifying my excitement about this intricate visual detail, so I thought it would be good to collect a bunch of examples from over fifty years of information design history, to show it as a powerful visual element in ubicomp situations.</p>
	<p>Even though the dashed line has emerged from a designer&#8217;s shorthand and from the limitations of monotone printing techniques, it has a clear and simple visual magic, the ability to express something three- or four-dimensional in two dimensions.</p>
	<h3>The dashed line as hidden geometry</h3>
	<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254779037/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/92/254779037_8a24f123da.jpg" width="500" height="333" alt="The dashed line" /></a></p>
	<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254778367/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/104/254778367_85da8fb221_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254778635/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/106/254778635_d87bbe12d5_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a></p>
	<p>Examples from <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Open-Here-Art-Instructional-Design/dp/1556709625/">Open Here: The Art of Instructional Design</a>, Paul Mijksenaar, Piet Westendorp, 1999.</p>
	<h3>The dashed line as movement</h3>
	<p>The line is used to indicate temporal positions:</p>
	<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254779205/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/40/254779205_ba4d7c005c.jpg" width="500" height="333" alt="The dashed line" /></a></p>
	<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254779329/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/113/254779329_34bcd62cee_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254779445/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/84/254779445_a1557ac4be_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254779730/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/84/254779730_a140e5adf5_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254779835/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/117/254779835_d2b3b69602_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254778022/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/81/254778022_c55e854098_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254778252/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/114/254778252_c3615315a6_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a></p>
	<p>Examples from <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Open-Here-Art-Instructional-Design/dp/1556709625/">Open Here: The Art of Instructional Design</a>, Paul Mijksenaar, Piet Westendorp, 1999.</p>
	<h3>The dashed line as paths</h3>
	<p>Very similar to the representations of movement, but the line is used as the path itself:</p>
	<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254780082/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/98/254780082_d55b1e81e5.jpg" width="500" height="333" alt="The dashed line" /></a></p>
	<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254780201/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/30/254780201_8bab312f0b_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254779935/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/110/254779935_fa46d82d5a_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254779591/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/115/254779591_5f888d6b59_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254778919/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/102/254778919_babf96d30d_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254778799/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/119/254778799_4edb7889a5_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254780297/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/90/254780297_7d8e9c3068_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a></p>
	<p>Examples from <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Open-Here-Art-Instructional-Design/dp/1556709625/">Open Here: The Art of Instructional Design</a>, Paul Mijksenaar, Piet Westendorp, 1999.</p>
	<p>A more modern image showing an overview of Auto ID <acronym title="Radio Frequency IDentification (A method of identifying unique items using radio waves. This is typically achieved with communication between a scanner or reader and a tag that contains data on a microchip)">RFID</acronym> supply chain management, by <a href="http://www.xplane.com/clients/autoid/">Xplane</a>:</p>
	<p><a href="http://www.xplane.com/clients/autoid/"><img id="image90" src="http://www.nearfield.org/wp-content/uploads/2006/09/xplane_autoid_epc_web.gif" alt="xplane_autoid_epc_web.gif" /></a></p>
	<p>Colin Ware defines dashed, dotted or wavy lines as <em>linking lines</em>:</p>
	<blockquote>
		<p>&#8220;A linking line between entities represents some kind of relationship between them. A line linking closed contours can have different colours or other graphical qualities such as waviness, and this effectively represents an attribute or type of relationship.&#8221;</p>
	</blockquote>
	<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254780570/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/80/254780570_eaf8c06467.jpg" width="500" height="333" alt="The dashed line" /></a></p>
	<p>From the perceptual syntax of diagrams in <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Information-Visualization-Perception-Interactive-Technologies/dp/1558605118">Information Visualisation</a>: Perception for Design, Colin Ware, 1999.</p>
	<h3>The dashed line as expectation</h3>
	<p><img id="image89" src="http://www.nearfield.org/wp-content/uploads/2006/09/ellipsis.gif" alt="Ellipsis from Mac OS X interface" /></p>
	<p>I&#8217;ve spoken to some people that have made an association between the dashed line and an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsis">ellipsis</a>. This example is taken from the <a href="http://developer.apple.com/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/OSXHIGuidelines/XHIGText/chapter_13_section_3.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP30000365-TPXREF126">Mac <acronym title="Operating System">OS</acronym> X interface</a>, conventionally used to indicate that the action will be followed by another action.</p>
	<h3>The dashed line as ephemeral material</h3>
	<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254777720/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/81/254777720_ac1be2d64b.jpg" width="500" height="333" alt="The dashed line" /></a></p>
	<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254778499/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/91/254778499_12330d27c1_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254777848/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/91/254777848_4c06afc819_m.jpg" width="240" height="160" alt="The dashed line" /></a></p>
	<p>Examples from <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Open-Here-Art-Instructional-Design/dp/1556709625/">Open Here: The Art of Instructional Design</a>, Paul Mijksenaar, Piet Westendorp, 1999.</p>
	<h3>The dashed line as border or seams</h3>
	<p><img id="image93" src="http://www.nearfield.org/wp-content/uploads/2006/09/map_symbols_web.gif" alt="map_symbols_web.gif" /></p>
	<p><img id="image94" src="http://www.nearfield.org/wp-content/uploads/2006/09/orienteering_symbols.gif" alt="orienteering_symbols.gif" /></p>
	<p><img id="image92" src="http://www.nearfield.org/wp-content/uploads/2006/09/map_symbols_web2.gif" alt="map_symbols_web2.gif" /></p>
	<p><img id="image91" src="http://www.nearfield.org/wp-content/uploads/2006/09/mapsymb.jpg" alt="mapsymb.jpg" /></p>
	<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254780445/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/115/254780445_e899876d4c.jpg" width="500" height="333" alt="The dashed line" /></a></p>
	<p>A table of commonly used conventions from <a href="http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Communication/VisualCommunication/~~/dmlldz11c2EmY2k9OTc4MDE5NTEzNTMyOQ==">Information Graphics</a>, Robert Harris, 1996.</p>
	<h3>Other examples</h3>
	<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254780679/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/82/254780679_c6ad3d8e29.jpg" width="500" height="333" alt="The dashed line" /></a></p>
	<p>This is an example of dashed lines in information design from <a href="http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/books_vdqi">The Visual Display of Quantitative Information</a>, Edward Tufte, 1983. I get the sense that Tufte prefers a simple, solid line, considering the overuse of patterns a form of chart-junk:</p>
	<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/timo/254780814/" title="Photo Sharing"><img src="http://static.flickr.com/85/254780814_d9df0f1788.jpg" width="500" height="333" alt="The dashed line" /></a></p>
	<p>And lastly, an interesting thought from a conversation with Dave Gray, of <a href="http://www.xplane.com">Xplane</a> and <a href="http://communicationnation.blogspot.com/">Communication nation</a>:</p>
	<blockquote>
		<p>&#8220;I think of lines: double-line, solid, dashed, dotted Similar to typeface conventions such as black, bold, regular, light. It&#8217;s a matter of emphasis. The thicker and more solid the line, the stronger the emphasis. A dotted line usually does not indicate &#8220;cut here&#8221; unless it is combined with a scissors icon. I think that trying to make a direct connection between the dashed line and what it represents may be a red herring. Think of a map, for example: Whether type is bold, all caps, or light relates directly to the designer&#8217;s decisions about emphasis, but I am not sure it relates so directly to the subject matter. There are a few direct correlations of this type: for example, type representing water is usually set in italic. I like your use of the dashed line – it is clear that they serve as a guide and invitation to &#8220;place things there&#8221;.&#8221; </p>
	</blockquote><h4>Related things:</h4><p><ol>
<li><a href='http://www.nearfield.org/2006/08/the-dashed-line' rel='bookmark' title='The dashed line'>The dashed line</a> <small>I can trace my enthusiasm for the dashed line back...... </small></li>
<li><a href='http://www.nearfield.org/2009/03/wireless-in-the-world' rel='bookmark' title='Wireless in the world'>Wireless in the world</a> <small>An ongoing Touch theme is about making invisible wireless technologies...... </small></li>
<li><a href='http://www.nearfield.org/2008/09/images-of-touch-interfaces' rel='bookmark' title='Images of touch interfaces'>Images of touch interfaces</a> <small>I&#8217;m happy to say that with great contributions from Nicolas...... </small></li>
</ol></p>]]></content:encoded>
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